RESEARCH PAPER
Study of Friction and Wear Characteristics of AISI 1055 with Modified Neem Oil as Engine Lubricant in Four-Stroke SI Engines
1
Automobile Engineering, Research Scholar, Malnad College of Engineering,
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Hassan, Karnataka, India
2
Automobile Engineering, Assistant Professor, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3
Automobile Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering,
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Hassan, Karnataka, India
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-09-27
Final revision date: 2025-04-24
Acceptance date: 2025-05-04
Publication date: 2026-06-30
Corresponding author
Addihalli Ramegowda Girish
Automobile Engineering, Research Scholar, Malnad College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Hassan, Karnataka, 573202, Hassan, India
Automobile Engineering, Research Scholar, Malnad College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Hassan, Karnataka, 573202, Hassan, India
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 2026;112(2):5-22
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the use of neem oil as a lubricant for petrol engines. Raw neem oil undergoes a two-step esterification process to produce Neem Trimethylolpropane Ester (NTMPE). The engine used for testing is an air-cooled, four-stroke, single-cylinder petrol engine with a power output of 1.3 kW at 4200 rpm. Various blends of mineral oil (petroleum oil) and NTMPE are employed as lubricants during the trials. The engine is tested under varying loads, and the performance and emissions of these blends are compared to those achieved with mineral oil. The results indicate that using the NTMPE 20-MO 80 blend instead of mineral oil leads to a 10% reduction in fuel consumption, a 9% increase in thermal efficiency, and a slight improvement in mechanical efficiency. Additionally, the engine running on the NTMPE 20-MO 80 blend produces approximately 10% less carbon monoxide and an 8% reduction in unburnt hydrocarbon concentration compared to when using a petroleum-based lubricant. Tribological tests on NTMPE 20-MO 80 are conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer with AISI 1055 carbon steel. The friction and wear behavior with modified vegetable oil lubrication are compared to results obtained with mineral oil. Additionally, images of the worn pin surfaces are captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM surface analysis shows that NTMPE provides better lubrication than mineral oil (SAE 20W40), leading to an approximate 8% reduction in the friction coefficient and a 5% decrease in wear. The study was a low-power engine. In order to ascertain the variability of Neem Trimethylolpropane Ester (NTMPE), more study should be conducted using a typical engine, e.g., a car engine.
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