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RESEARCH PAPER
Modeling the Quantification of the Vehicles' Emission Load: Research Study in the Context of Cross-Border Commuters' Mobility
 
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1
Department of Transport and Logistics, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
 
2
Department of Road and Urban Transport , Žilinská univerzita v žiline , Slovak Republic
 
These authors had equal contribution to this work
 
 
Submission date: 2026-04-28
 
 
Final revision date: 2026-06-10
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-06-16
 
 
Publication date: 2026-06-30
 
 
Corresponding author
Ondrej Stopka   

Department of Transport and Logistics, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
 
 
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 2026;112(2):99-116
 
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ABSTRACT
The manuscript focuses on the quantification of exhaust emission load generated by commuters' road vehicles along a selected cross-border section between the Czech Republic (South Bohemian region) and Bavaria, which is heavily used by Czech residents for daily work-related commuters' mobility. An examined model route – Volary–Passau – was defined for the investigation, characterized by its length (i.e., travel distance), traffic load, and operational circumstances. In regard to a territorial perspective, approximately 25–30% of emissions produced along the route are attributable to the Czech route section and 70–75% to German section, which corresponds to the distance ratio of the given route. The quantification was conducted based on emission factors according to the EEA/COPERT 5.5 methodology, when taking into account the actual vehicle numbers and emission categories recorded during traffic surveys on 26 May 2025 and 30 May 2025. Emission indicators were expressed as “on-road” values in units of g·km⁻¹ and subsequently converted to the total travel distance and both travel directions (“round-trip”). Specifically, along the examined model route (Volary–Passau), the following values of emission indicators were recorded for the total daily balance: 9.2 t CO₂, 18.9 kg NOₓ, and 1.4 kg PM. The quantified attributes of the model route confirm that gasoline vehicles dominate the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC), diesel vehicles are the primary source of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) accounts for more than 99% of the total mass of all calculated emissions.
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eISSN:2084-476X
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