RESEARCH PAPER
Smart Parking System for Single and Multiple Video Cameras using SBMA & Parking Slot Selection
More details
Hide details
1
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Bhavnagar
2
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Ahmedabad Institute of Technology
3
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, L.D. Engineering College Ahmedabad
4
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Retired Professor from Government Engineering College Gandhinagar
Submission date: 2025-12-08
Final revision date: 2026-02-17
Acceptance date: 2026-02-23
Publication date: 2026-03-31
Corresponding author
Janak Trivedi
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Bhavnagar
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 2026;111(1):75-96
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of urbanization has intensified the demand for efficient parking management solutions, particularly in large indoor commercial facilities, where conventional sensing infrastructures struggle with installation complexities and maintenance overheads. This study presents an enhanced SPS that leverages SBMA for parking slot occupancy detection using live video streams. Unlike sensor-based or computationally intensive deep learning approaches, the SBMA provides a lightweight and robust statistical comparison framework suitable for constrained hardware environments. The system supports both SCSL and MCML deployments, enabling scalable monitoring across parking zones of different sizes. Integrated graphical and mobile interfaces offer real-time visualization and user guidance. Experiments conducted on real-world data from two shopping malls demonstrated that the proposed approach achieved reliable occupancy classification under illumination variations and moderate occlusions while providing competitive processing times. The results indicate that the SBMA-driven SPS with a PSNR value and processing time is a practical and cost-effective tool for smart city parking infrastructure.
REFERENCES (13)
1.
Roper MA, Triantis K, Taylor GD, Teodorović D. Revenue management in the parking industry: a multiple garage intelligent reservation model. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2018;41(3):286–300.
https://doi.org/10.1080/030810....
2.
Bondemark A, Merkel A. Parking not included: The effect of paid residential parking on housing prices and its relationship with public transport proximity. Regional Science and Urban Economics. 2023;99:103877.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regs....
3.
Macea L, Serrano I, Carcache-Guas C. A reservation-based parking behavioural model for parking demand management in urban areas. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 2023;86:101477.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps....
4.
Suthir S, Harshavardhanan P, Subramani K, Senthil P, Veena T, Faith S, et al. Conceptual approach on smart car parking system for industry 4.0 internet of things assisted networks. Measurement: Sensors. 2022;24:100474.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meas....
5.
Antoniou C, Gikas V, Papathanasopoulou V, Mpimis T, Perakis H, Kyriazis C. A framework for risk reduction for indoor parking facilities under constraints using positioning technologies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018;31:1166–1176.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdr....
8.
Errousso H, Malhene N, Benhadou S, Medromi H. Predicting car park availability for a better delivery bay management. Procedia Computer Science. 2020;170:203–210.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proc....
9.
Medromi H, Errousso H, Ouadi J, Alaoui A, Benhadou S. A hybrid modeling approach for parking assignment in urban areas. Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences. 2022;34(6):2405–2418.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksu....
10.
Aditya A, Anwarul S, Tanwar R, Koneru K. An IoT assisted Intelligent Parking System (IPS) for Smart Cities. Procedia Computer Science. 2023;218:1045–1054.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proc....
11.
Chauhan V, Patel M, Tanwar S, Tyagi S, Kumar N. IoT Enabled real-Time urban transport management system. Computers and Electrical Engineering. 2020;86:106746.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
12.
Tekouabou SCK, Alaoui EAA, Cherif W, Silkan H. Improving parking availability prediction in smart cities with IoT and ensemble-based model. Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences. 2022;34(3):687–697.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksu....
13.
Trivedi J, Devi MS, Dave D. Real-time parking slot availability for Bhavnagar, using Statistical Block Matching Approach. World Journal of Engineering. 2020;7(6):811–821.
https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-09....