PL EN
PRACA ORYGINALNA
Increasing Danger at Pedestrian Crossings: The Impact of Mobile Phones on Pedestrian Safety
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Kielce University of Technology
 
2
Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina, Slovakia, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26, Žilina,
 
3
Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering Department of Transport Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology
 
 
Data nadesłania: 13-09-2024
 
 
Data ostatniej rewizji: 16-12-2024
 
 
Data akceptacji: 23-01-2025
 
 
Data publikacji: 27-06-2025
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Damian Paweł Frej   

Kielce University of Technology, Kielce University of Technology
 
 
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 2025;108(2):59-84
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
This study focuses on the increasing danger posed by pedestrians using mobile devices at signalized crossings in urban areas. Conducted in Kielce, the research involved detailed observations at five high-traffic intersections to assess the frequency and impact of distracted pedestrian behavior. The findings show a concerning rise in the use of mobile phones while crossing the street. Specifically, 32% of pedestrians were observed using their phones, whether for texting, browsing, or making calls. This behavior significantly contributed to unsafe situations, with 4% of those observed crossing against a red light, creating potentially hazardous conditions for both pedestrians and drivers. The study highlights how mobile phone use impairs pedestrians’ ability to concentrate on their surroundings, reducing their awareness of traffic signals, oncoming vehicles, and other potential hazards. These distractions can lead to longer reaction times and poor decision-making when crossing roads, which increases the risk of accidents. In response, the research emphasizes the need for immediate action to improve pedestrian safety at urban crossings. Potential solutions include public awareness campaigns, stricter enforcement of traffic laws, and even technological solutions, such as signal systems that alert pedestrians when they are distracted. Addressing this issue is crucial to reducing the growing number of accidents related to mobile device use at pedestrian crossings.
REFERENCJE (43)
1.
Ahmed J, Robinson A, Miller EE. Effectiveness of signs for pedestrian-railroad crossings: Colors, shapes, and messaging strategies. Journal of Safety Research. 2024;89:141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.....
 
2.
Ahmed S, Hossain S, Shaik ME, Shakik A. Evaluation of speed characteristics and gap acceptance behavior of pedestrians of Asian countries: A review. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2024;27:101199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip....
 
3.
Arafat ME, Larue GS, Dehkordi SG. Effectiveness of interventions for mobile phone distracted pedestrians: A systematic review. Journal of Safety Research. 2023;84:330–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.....
 
4.
Bennett JM, McGuckian TB, Healy N, Lam N, Lucas R, Palmer K, et al. Development of a virtual reality pedestrian street-crossing task: The examination of hazard perception and gap acceptance. Safety Science. 2025;181:106706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci....
 
5.
Blanks LN, Carrick ZT, McGuckian TB, Bennett JM. The efficacy of training to improve road safety in elderly pedestrians: A systematic review. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2024;207:107735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.....
 
6.
Collin R, Broadbent E. Walking with a mobile phone: A randomised controlled trial of effects on mood. Psychology International 2023;5(3):715–723. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5....
 
7.
Dang M, Jin Y, Hang P, Crosato L, Sun Y, Wei C. Coupling intention and actions of vehicle–pedestrian interaction: A virtual reality experiment study. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2024;203:107639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.....
 
8.
Europejska Agencja Środowiska (EEA). Road safety in the European Union: Trends, statistics, and main challenges. 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/... (accessed on 23.07.2024).
 
9.
Frej D, Jaśkiewicz M, Poliak M, Zwierzewicz Z. Smartphone Use in Traffic: A Pilot Study on Pedestrian Behavior. Applied Sciences. 2022;12(24):12676. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122....
 
10.
Frej DP. Phone use by pedestrians - pilot studies. The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji. 2024;104(2):5–18. https://doi.org/10.14669/AM/17....
 
11.
Fu L, Zhang Y, Chen Q, He Y, Shen C, Shi Y. Behavioral characteristics of bidirectional pedestrian-e-bike mixed flow at a signalized crosswalk: An experimental study. Travel Behaviour and Society. 2025;38:100897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.....
 
12.
Gądek-Hawlena T, Nowak K. Modern Mobile Devices and the Safety of Road Traffic Participants. Human Rights - Evolution in the digital era. WSGE, Józefów. 2021:175–194. https://doi.org/10.13166/WSGE/....
 
13.
Ghosh A, Roy T. CNN-based cognitive distraction surveillance for pedestrians using phones and headphones. Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Computing and Cloud Computing. 2023:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCC57....
 
14.
Gierszewski J, Bajorski B. Bezpieczeństwo pieszych uczestników ruchu drogowego. Ujęcie statystyczne i prawne (Safety of pedestrian road users. Statistical and legal approach). Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem. 2018;(3):77–94.
 
15.
Guan F, Whitley T, Xu H, Wang Z, Chen Z, Hui T, et al. Vehicle-pedestrian interaction analysis for evaluating pedestrian crossing safety at uncontrolled crosswalks: A geospatial approach using multimodal all-traffic trajectories. Journal of Safety Research. 2024;91:326–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.....
 
16.
Guo Y, Zou H, Wei F, Li Q, Guo D, Pirov J. Analysis of pedestrian second crossing behavior based on physics-informed neural networks. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):21278. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
 
17.
Haq MFU, Iryo-Asano M, Alhajyaseen WKM. Modeling the pedestrian crossing decision behavior based on vehicle deceleration patterns using virtual reality environment. International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research. 2024;22(2):245–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177....
 
18.
Khademi N, Mazloum S, Zabihpour A, Chen A. Designing safer intersections: Exploring the impact of visual and auditory warnings on pedestrian behavior in a virtual simulated environment. Safety Science. 2024;178:106604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci....
 
19.
Komenda Główna Policji. Raporty o stanie bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce za lata 2020-2023, (Police Headquarters. Reports on the state of road safety in Poland for 2020-2023). https://statystyka.policja.pl/... (accessed on 23.07.2024).
 
20.
Krishna KV, Kapruwan R, Choudhary P. Understanding distracted pedestrians' risky behaviour: The role of walking and visual characteristics through a field study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2024;101:111–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.....
 
21.
Larue GS, Rakotonirainy A, Ghasemi Dehkordi S, Arafat ME. Evaluating interventions for phone-distracted pedestrians. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2023;98(1):354–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.....
 
22.
Lee Y, Shin S. Risk of using smartphones while walking for digital natives in realistic environments: Effects of cognitive–motor interference. Heliyon. 2024;10(7):e28901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heli....
 
23.
Lin MB, Cheng SW. Different smartphone tasks and traffic complexity affect pedestrian awareness of co-existing road objects and cerebral oxygenation during shared space walking. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2024;103:460–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.....
 
24.
Lu W. Streets as experienced through the body, mind, and screen: The smartphone and the pedestrian's engagement with an urban public space. Journal of Urban Studies. 2024;12(1):71–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/205015....
 
25.
Luo Y, Grimaldi NS, Zheng H, Giang WC, Hu B. Distraction from smartphones changed pedestrians' walking behaviors in open areas. Motor Control. 2022;27(2):275–292. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.202....
 
26.
Morrongiello BA, Corbett M, Zolis C. Developmental changes in how pedestrians cross streets in single- vs. dual-lane traffic conditions. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2024;49(10):757–768. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy....
 
27.
Osuret J, Van Niekerk A, Kobusingye O, Atuyambe L, Nankabirwa V. Child pedestrian crossing behaviour and associated risk factors in school zones: A video-based observational study in Kampala, Uganda. Injury Prevention. 2024;30(3):216–223. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-202....
 
28.
Pelicioni PHS, Chan L, Shi S, Wong K, Kark L, Okubo Y, et al. Impact of mobile phone use on accidental falls risk in young adult pedestrians. Heliyon. 2023;9(8):e18366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heli....
 
29.
Shaheen Sarker M, Carsten O, Huang Y, Hajiseyedjavadi F. Inclusive intervention design for vulnerable road users: Applying co-design and behaviour change model in Bangladesh. Travel Behaviour and Society. 2025;38:100935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.....
 
30.
Sidharta HA, Kindhi BA, Yuniarno EM, Purnomo MH. Small group pedestrian crossing behaviour prediction using temporal angular 2D skeletal pose. Array. 2024;22:100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arra....
 
31.
Singh D, Das P, Ghosh I. Prediction of pedestrian crossing behaviour at unsignalized intersections using machine learning algorithms: analysis and comparison. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces. 2024;18(2–3):239–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193....
 
32.
Sobrinho-Junior SA, Almeida ACN, Ceabras AAP, Carvalho CS, Lino TB, Christofoletti G. Risks of accidents caused by the use of smartphone by pedestrians are task- and environment-dependent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(16):10320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
 
33.
Sosik K, Pawłowska P. Aspekt bezpieczeństwa pieszych na skrzyżowaniach drogowych z sygnalizacją świetlną (Pedestrian safety aspect at traffic intersections with traffic lights). Autobusy: technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe. 2019;24(6):93–99. https://doi.org/10.24136/atest....
 
34.
Stefański RA. Zakaz korzystania z telefonu komórkowego podczas kierowania pojazdem (No use of a mobile phone while driving). Paragraf na Drodze. 2017;1:47–57.
 
35.
Surnilla G, Zhang H, Gelbal SY, Cantas MR, Guvenç BA, Guvenç L. Mobile safety application for pedestrians. ArXiv. 2023;2305:17575. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv....
 
36.
Truong LT, Thai N, Le T, Debnath AK. Pedestrian distraction: Mobile phone use and its associations with other risky crossing behaviours and conflict situations. Safety Science. 2022;153(4):105816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci....
 
37.
Wang C, Hou M, Easa S, Cheng J. Safety analysis of pedestrians distracted by mobile phones at street crossings: Field study in Nanjing. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2024;200:107563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.....
 
38.
Wang C, Ijaz M, Chen F, Song D, Hou M, Zhang Y, et al. Differences in single-vehicle motorcycle crashes caused by distraction and overspeed behaviors: considering temporal shifts and unobserved heterogeneity in prediction. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2023;30(3):375–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/174573....
 
39.
Yadav AK, Velaga NR. A systematic review of observational studies investigating the influence of mobile phone distraction on road crossing behaviour of pedestrians. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2022;91:236–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.....
 
40.
Yadav AK, Choudhary SS, Pawar NM, Velaga NR. Investigating the role of beliefs in influencing the hand-held and hands-free mobile phone use among pedestrians in India. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2022;30(1):79–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/174573....
 
41.
Yadav AK, Pawar NM, Velaga NR. Modeling the Influence of Smartphone Distraction and Pedestrian Characteristics on Pedestrian Road Crossing Behavior. Transportation Research Record. 2024;2678(5):346–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/036119....
 
42.
Zhang X, Li Q, Gao P, Zhu J, Tuo HR, Lin Q, et al. The effect of mobile phone task and age on gait: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology. 2023;4(14):1163655. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.....
 
43.
Zielińska A, Skoczyński P. Stan bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce w 2023 roku (The state of road safety in Poland in 2023). ITS, Polskie Obserwatorium Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego, Warszawa, 2023.
 
Deklaracja dostępności
 
eISSN:2084-476X
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top