RESEARCH PAPER
Virtual Prototyping of Electric Vehicles: An Examination of Modelling and Simulation Tools with an AVL Cruise Case Study Analysis
1
Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Polska
Submission date: 2024-12-30
Final revision date: 2025-08-05
Acceptance date: 2025-09-09
Publication date: 2025-12-29
Corresponding author
Emilia Szumska
Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia P.P. 7, 25-314, Kielce, Polska
Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia P.P. 7, 25-314, Kielce, Polska
The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 2025;110(4):5-37
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Continuous advancements in alternative drive technologies for vehicles necessitate the development of sophisticated computational tools. Due to the inherent complexity of these systems, prototyping can be a time-consuming and expensive endeavour. Fortunately, computer-aided modelling and simulation environments offer a viable alternative by enabling the virtual testing of novel drivetrain solutions without the need for physical prototypes. These environments leverage existing solutions and readily available models of vehicles, drives, and their components, fostering the efficient development of new concepts and optimized drivetrain models. This paper presents a curated overview of select vehicle modelling and simulation programs, followed by the introduction of an electric vehicle model developed within the AVL Cruise software. A digital model of the electric vehicle was constructed. This study employed the AVL Cruise software to analyse the energy consumption of an electric vehicle operating under urban driving conditions. This analysis demonstrates the potential of simulation tools for evaluating the performance of electric vehicles in real-world scenarios, offering valuable insights for design optimization. The presented methodology provides a framework for future research on energy efficiency and performance analysis of various alternative drivetrain configurations.
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